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Xystrakis E, Kusumakar S, Boswell S, Peek E, Urry Z, Richards DF, et al

In older people, B12 deficiency can sometimes be confused with symptoms of dementia, which is why it's always worth getting checked out if you have symptoms

Unlike most healthy cells, which generate energy primarily through oxidative phosphorylation when oxygen is available, many cancer cells rely heavily on glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen. This phenomenon, known as the Warburg Effect, reflects a metabolic shift that supports rapid cell division by providing both energy and the building blocks required for growth. Because glycolysis depends on a steady supply of NAD+, cancer cells often exhibit higher NAD+ demand to sustain their metabolism. However, this does not mean NAD+ itself causes cancer

Despite this high prevalence, not everyone with an MTHFR mutation will experience symptoms or health issues

doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-320050 148 McGinleyM

HFD-fed Ssu72 aKO mice showed significantly reduced F4/80 expression and fewer crown-like structures in eWAT compared with WT mice, indicative of decreased macrophage infiltration (Fig